Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2026 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
Accurate modelling of agricultural vehicles is essential for optimizing drivetrain performance and energy efficiency, particularly as hybrid systems become more prevalent in sustainable farming. This study presents an experimental validation of a vehicle physical model using the Claas Xerion 3800 tractor. Coast-down tests were conducted to determine the rolling resistance coefficient, while GPS and diagnostic data were used to capture real-world vehicle dynamics and fuel consumption. The rolling resistance coefficient was calculated using two-stage aggregation method of multiple run data, yielding a statistically robust result. Simulation outputs showed close agreement with measured longitudinal responses, including vehicle acceleration, traction force, and fuel usage, with a 2.1% deviation in total fuel consumption. These findings demonstrate that the proposed modelling approach reliably replicates the vehicle’s macroscopic longitudinal dynamics and support its application in drivetrain optimization, hybrid system integration, and energy-efficient vehicle design studies. The validated framework contributes to the development of context-aware simulations capable of reflecting real-world off-road conditions and operational variability....
3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-AHBA) is a non-proteinogenic aromatic compound that functions as a key biosynthetic precursor for diverse secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical and industrial value. Microbial production of 3,4-AHBA offers a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based chemical synthesis; however, metabolic complexity and trade-offs between growth and product formation constrain rational strain design. Here, genome-scale metabolic (GSM) modeling and flux balance analysis (FBA) were integrated with targeted genetic engineering to elucidate and enhance 3,4-AHBA production in Streptomyces thermoviolaceus. A genome-scale metabolic model was constructed and expanded by incorporating the nspH–nspI gene operon, which encodes the 3,4-AHBA biosynthetic pathway. In silico FBA predicted substantial rewiring of central carbon metabolism, with carbon flux redirected from glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle toward aspartate-derived intermediates and 3,4-AHBA synthesis, accompanied by reduced biomass-associated flux. Guided by these predictions, an engineered strain (St::NspHI) was developed and experimentally evaluated. Consistent with model predictions, the engineered strain exhibited lower growth rates and glucose uptake than the wild type, reflecting a metabolic burden. Nevertheless, 3,4-AHBA production was achieved exclusively in the engineered strain. Comparison of simulated and experimental fluxes revealed overestimation by FBA, likely due to secondary metabolism and incomplete genome annotation. Overall, GSM-guided design enables optimization of precursor production....
The integration of recycled materials, such as tire rubber, into asphalt mixtures is a critical strategy for sustainable pavement engineering. This research aimed to employ deep learning (DL) to mathematically model and optimize Marshall stability and flow for asphalt mixes prepared with recycled rubber. The Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) regressor was used to predict these parameters using six design parameters. The DL approach could handle multiple outputs and provided noticeable improvement over the baseline regressor models. The analysis identified the sample volume as the most important variable followed by proportion of the recycled rubber and air voids. Using the DL model as a digital simulator, the optimal mix characteristics were found to be in the range of 3.8% to 4% bitumen and 4% to 5.5% recycled rubber. These findings validate the use of DL for efficient design of sustainable infrastructure materials....
Galvanic corrosion is an electrochemical phenomenon that arises due to the coupling of two different metals in an electrolytic environment, resulting in the deterioration of the less noble metal at an accelerated rate. This phenomenon poses a significant challenge in the economy of mixed-metal assemblies in many industrial applications due to the high maintenance and replacement expenditures that such systems incur. In this study, a stainless steel tube was galvanically coupled with a carbon steel fitting, and both were immersed in a chloride solution to study the galvanic interactions. The electrochemical processes associated with galvanic corrosion were simulated using a finite element multiphysics modeling approach (COMSOL Multiphysics). The simulations reproduced the metal–electrolyte interface potential and current density as well as the preferential anodic dissolution of carbon steel over stainless steel, which was observed during the coupled polarization. The numerical results matched the results predicted using assumptions for the steels’ electrochemical behavior. The results of the study confirmed that finite element simulation is an effective means of modeling galvanic corrosion and optimizing the design and life of metal component assemblies that are subjected to highly aggressive environments such as high-chloride environments. The numerical results matched the trends observed from experimentation and those previously reported in the literature and serve to provide qualitative and semi-quantitative insight regarding galvanic corrosion mechanisms instead of complete corrosion predictions regarding long-term corrosion behavior....
This work presents a comprehensive quantum transport modeling and simulation framework to evaluate parasitic effects and radio frequency (RF) performance in stacked silicon (Si) nanosheet (NS) lateral gate-all-around (LGAA) nFETs targeting the sub-2 nm technology node. Leveraging the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method, the proposed framework integrates detailed modeling of parasitic resistances (Rpara) and capacitances (Cpara) to enable a holistic analysis of both intrinsic and extrinsic figures-of-merit, including transconductance (gm), output conductance (gd), cutoff frequency (f T), and maximum oscillation frequency (f max). The effects of nanosheet geometry, crystal orientations, and dual-k spacers on high-frequency performance are systematically investigated. The analysis reveals key design trade-offs, with optimized device configurations yielding f T exceeding 400 GHz and f max approaching 1.2 THz. These findings highlight the potential of stacked NS LGAA-nFETs for future millimeter-wave and terahertz applications, providing critical insights into parasitics management and quantum-transport-aware design strategies at advanced CMOS nodes....
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